ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the influence of substance abuse history on anxiety and depression of male prisoners during their imprisonment, and its relationship with violent behavior.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 455 prisoners from October to November 2019.Self-administered personal substance abuse history questionnaires were used to collect the information on substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco, and drug use). The generalized anxiety scale (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to investigate anxiety and depression.All subjects were divided into substance abuse group ( n=871) and non substance abuse group ( n=584) according to whether they had a history of substance abuse or not.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The statistical methods were t-test, chi square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results:(1)The scores of GAD-7 ((4.95±5.88) vs (3.35±5.33), t=-5.407, P<0.01) and PHQ-9 ((6.69±6.50) vs (4.48±5.73), t=-6.821, P<0.01) scales in the substance abuse group were higher than those in the no-substance abuse group.(2)Somatic disease( β=0.700, OR=2.014, 95% CI=1.599-2.538, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.434, OR=1.543, 95% CI=1.176-2.025, P<0.05), history of tobacco abuse( β=0.387, OR=1.473, 95% CI=1.154-1.880, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.372, OR=1.450, 95% CI=1.118-1.881, P<0.05) were the risk factors of anxiety among prisoners.Somatic disease( β=0.686, OR=1.986, 95% CI=1.581-2.496, P<0.05), history of tobacco abuse( β=0.488, OR=1.629, 95% CI=1.286-2.063, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.484, OR=1.622, 95% CI=1.260-2.089, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.344, OR=1.410, 95% CI=1.073-1.854, P<0.05) were the risk factors of depression among prisoners.(3) Years of education ≤ 9 years( β=0.900, OR=2.459, 95% CI=1.855-3.261, P<0.05), age ≤ 45( β=0.788, OR=2.199, 95% CI=1.690~2.860, P<0.05), unmarried( β=0.683, OR=1.980, 95% CI=1.421-2.759, P<0.05), history of alcohol abuse( β=0.308, OR=1.361, 95% CI=1.053-1.758, P<0.05), history of drug abuse( β=0.557, OR=1.745, 95% CI=1.055-2.885, P<0.05) were risk factors for violent behavior of prisoners. Conclusion:The history of substance abuse may be a risk factor for anxiety and depression of prisoners during their imprisonment.Alcohol and drug abuse are both factors influencing the occurrence of violent behavior.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine and compare the contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in different medicinal parts of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus.Methods The contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in fibrous roots, root heads, taproots and whole roots of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus were determined by HPLC.Results The order of contents of astragaloside Ⅳ in A.membranaceus var.mongholicus was fibrous roots >whole roots >taproots >root heads;The content of astragaloside Ⅳ in A.membranaceus var.mongholicus from Inner Mongolia was 1.85 to 2.7 times of the standard which prescribed in 2010 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion Fibrous roots, which were discarded in traditional processing methods, can be used as raw material to extract astragaloside Ⅳ.This study may provide a reference for the harvest and produce of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus.
ABSTRACT
In this article, the method of quick and accurate identification ofAstragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var.mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao in different growth years by electronic nose (e-nose) technique and chemical analysis was developed. An e-nose was used to detect the odors ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples in two-growth-year, seven-growth year and more than a decade growth years for establishing the classification model of response characteristics. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA) were performed to differentiate theA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples in different growth years. PCA was performed to investigate the difference in the chemical composition and quality of different growth years inA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus samples. The results of PCA and DFA analyses for e-nose demonstrated that the samples ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years could be distinguished obviously. The contents of chemical composition were similar in same growth years inA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus and different from different growth years. The results of chemical composition analysis indicated that the identification forA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years was significant for the quality control. E-nose technique could identify the samples ofA. membranaceus. var.mongholicus in different growth years rapidly, sensitively and intactly, and could be applied for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.